Tunnel boring machines are gigantic special-purpose machines,
particularly used in building tunnels for roads, railways, and pipelines. These
machines are long with circular cross-sections and help in boring round holes
through any rock. Tunnel boring machines are intricate assemblies of several
systems working in conjunction with each other. Diameter of tunnel boring
machines ranges from 1 meter to 20 meters. These machines can cut clean through
rocks, sometimes along with creating concrete shields around the bored tunnels.
The tunnel
boring machine market is largely driven by the increase in spending on
road and railway infrastructure. Countries such as China, Japan, Italy, South
Korea, Norway, and Germany have vast tunnel networks. The key reason is to connect
major cities within the country, sometimes even international, with minimum
commute time. This largely optimizes the transportation costs and connects
cities to boost commerce. The other method for building tunnels is by using
explosives; however, explosives are highly dangerous and it is often difficult
to control the explosion. They are also a threat for men and machines working
in the tunnel. Slight deviation in the charge of explosives can completely
jeopardize the project. Thus, tunnel boring machines are the ideal alternatives
for tunneling operations.
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Based on
the rock that has to be tunneled, the tunnel boring machine market can be
divided into hard rock TBM, soft rock TBM, and dual mode/custom TBM. All three
types are specially altered according to rock. Different cutting heads are
employed for soft rock. Stronger/harder heads are used for harder rocks.
Similarly, other sub-systems used also vary such as conveyer systems, cutting
fluids systems, and shielding systems. The hard rock TBM segment can further be
sub-segmented into open TBM; gripper TBM; double shield TBM; and single shield
TBM. Depending upon how hard the rock is, either of the three is elected.
Similarly, the soft rock TBM segment can be split into earth pressure balance
TBM and slurry head TBM. Slurry head TBM is more suitable when the water
content in the rock is considerably high (soily rock). The dual mode or custom
TBM are specially designed for a specific terrain and rock type. Furthermore,
based on application, the tunnel boring machine market can be segmented into
traffic tunneling and utility tunneling. The traffic tunneling segment can be
sub-segmented into road tunneling and railway/metro tunneling. The utility
tunneling segment can be further classified into water and sewage, hydropower,
and pipelines.
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In terms
of geography, the global tunnel boring machine market can be classified into
Asia Pacific, Europe, North America, Latin America, and Middle East &
Africa. Asia Pacific is the key market for tunnel boring machine, due to the
increasing government expenditure on infrastructure and rapid road and rail
network expansion in the region. Countries such as China, Japan, and South
Korea have the longest total tunnel roads in the world. The governments of
China and Japan invest significantly in tunnels for faster commute between
major cities. Furthermore, the topography of Japan and major parts of China is
mountainous and hilly. Thus, tunnels play an important role in the construction
of road and rail. Europe follows Asia Pacific in the global tunnel boring
machine market. Demand for tunnel boring machine is high in the hilly terrain
in Italy, Spain, and France. Countries such as India, Brazil, and South Africa
have started increasing the expenditure on roads and railway networks. This is
anticipated to create substantial opportunities for manufacturers of tunnel
boring machines.
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Key
players operating in the global tunnel boring machine market include
Herrenknecht Ag, The Robbins Company, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.,
Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd., Hitachi Zosen Corporation, and Terratec Ltd.
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