Chitosan-based Biomaterials: Introduction
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Chitosan is a natural polymer derived from chitin, the second
most abundant polysaccharide after cellulose. Chitosan is soluble in aqueous
solutions and organic acids due to the presence of amino groups in chitosan
structure.
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Chitosan is known for its biodegradable, non-toxic, and
antibacterial properties. It is used in several applications in biomedical,
agriculture, food, cosmetics, and waste & water treatment industries. It is
also used as antimicrobial and wound healing biomaterial in biomedical
applications.
Production
of Chitosan-based Biomaterials
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Chitosan is a polysaccharide produced from chitin. Molecular
weight of chitosan typically ranges between 300 to 1000 kDa (Kilo Daltons)
depending on the source of chitin. Major sources of chitosan are insects, crustaceans,
squid, diatoms, and fungi.
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Chitosan is a copolymer of N-acetyl-D-glucose amine and
D-glucose amine. Production of chitosan involves four steps: demineralization,
deproteinization, decolorization, and deacetylation. Chitosan is generally
extracted from crustacean shells such as crab and shrimp. These shells
consist of 30%-40% proteins, 30%-50% calcium carbonate, and 20%-30% chitin.
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In the first step of deproteinization, crustacean shells are
processed in 3.5% NaOH (w/v) for two hours at 65°C to remove proteins inside
the shell. After that, they are processed in hydrochloric acid at room
temperature to extract unwanted minerals such as calcium carbonate. Colors
present in the shells are then removed with the help of acetone and further
bleached with sodium hypochlorite solution for five minutes at room
temperature. During the deacetylation process, chitin undergoes a treatment
with lye to separate the acetyl groups from the polymer, resulting in formation
of chitosan.
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Key Drivers of Chitosan-based Biomaterials Market
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Biodegradability and nontoxic properties of chitosan make it
ideal for usage in agricultural applications. Chitosan helps enhance the amount
of crops produced by improving germination, rooting, leaf growth, seed yield,
and soil moisture retention. If ingested, it neither harms any individual nor
has any negative impact to the environment. The Government of India launched
Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY) in 2015 with an objective to
improve irrigation sources in drought affected areas by investing US$ 7.7 Bn
for a period of five years. This scheme is expected to benefit the market of
products that can improve agricultural productivity such as chitosan.
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Increase in private investments in agriculture companies of
China is estimated to boost the agricultural produce in the country in the next
few years
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India has one of the major agriculture industries after China.
Increase in population in both these countries is estimated to boost the demand
for agricultural products, thereby increasing the sales of chitosan-based
biomaterials.
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Demand for chitosan-based biomaterials is also driven by growth
in the water treatment industry. Demand for clean drinking water has been
rising owing to the increase in population in countries such as China, India,
and Bangladesh in Asia Pacific. Countries such as India and China are facing
issues related to water pollution. The Government of India launched the Namami
Gange project in 2016 to clean the polluted rivers of the country. The
government announced the budget of US$ 105 Mn under the Namami Gange
project for 2020 to 2021. This is estimated to boost the consumption of
water treatment compounds, thereby increasing the demand for chitosan-based
biomaterials in the country.
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Chitosan-based biomaterials are used in various application in
the medical industry such as orthopedic & periodontal applications, cancer
diagnosis, tissue engineering, wound healing, and drug delivery. Cancer diagnosis
is a significant step, since it provides some information about treatment
effectiveness. Chitosan is used as non-toxic carrier of anti-cancer drugs to
tumor tissue. New developments in biomedical applications are estimated to
augment the chitosan-based
biomaterials market.
Covid-19 Impact on Chitosan-based Biomaterials Market
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The COVID-19 pandemic has had a marginal impact on end-use industry
·
ies of chitosan-based biomaterials. Majority of demand for
chitosan-based biomaterials is generated in biomedical, water treatment, and
agriculture industries. Demand for agricultural products such as food grains,
fruits, and vegetables has surged due to panic buying among consumers. In
cities around the world, reports of panic buying and food hoarding have proliferated
since the pandemic began. Increase in consumption of food products and clean
drinking water during the lockdown period has positively impacted the sales of
chitosan-based biomaterials.
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North America to Hold Significant Share of Global Chitosan-based
Biomaterials Market
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In terms of region, the global chitosan-based biomaterials
market can be divided into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America,
and Middle East & Africa
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Currently, North America and Europe are the major regions of the
global chitosan-based biomaterials market. The market in these regions is
expected to expand at a faster pace owing to growth in biomedical and
agriculture industries.
·
Asia Pacific is another major consumer and producer of
chitosan-based biomaterials. Increase in sale of agricultural products in Asia
Pacific is likely to further boost the chitosan-based biomaterials market in
the region.
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Key
Players Operating in Global Market
Key
players operating in the global chitosan-based biomaterials market include:
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BioLog Heppe GmbH
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Biosynth Carbosynth
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Heppe Medical Chitosan GmbH
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Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
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Toronto Research Chemicals
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Siveele B.V.
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KIMICA Corporation
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ISF Chitin & Marine Products LLP
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PRIMEX EHF
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Marshall Marine Product
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